Its outer shell is filled, whereas gold’s outer shell isn’t, so gold can use that empty spot to form a bond with other gold atoms. Mercury has one more electron more than gold. In 2013, chemists finally figured out why that is… because of relativity. Not only is it silver in colour, it’s also liquid at room temperature.
Nuclear time machine plus#
Plus this distance becomes small enough that a gold electron can manage with blue light, which is less energetic. This means that less energy is needed for an electron to hop to the outer shell. At the same time, their circle of orbit gets smaller to maintain constant angular momentum. Due to the electrons moving close to the speed of light, their mass increases too (by about 20%). This big core pulls so hard on the electrons that they orbit the core at massive speeds. The periodic table will tell you that a gold atom contains 79 protons. For the same reason, tomatoes look red because they absorb green light. Gold absorbs much more blue light than other metals, which makes it appear yellow to us- yellow and blue are complementary colours. Gold, on the other hand, is a unique metal with its yellowish tint. Silver, aluminium, mercury and potassium are very different kinds of metals, but they all have a silvery colour. Meaning that, with a working fusion power station, the lithium in your phone battery and 3 litres of water could produce enough energy for one person to use for seven years! Deuterium naturally occurs in water (~0.015% of hydrogen in water) and tritium is produced using lithium. Plus, because energy is always conserved, the neutron contains a lot of energy to balance the reaction. Using Einstein’s equation, the joint energy of the two light nuclei is greater than the heavy nucleus product. During fusion, extremely high temperatures of over 1 million ☌ are needed to force two light nuclei (usually isotopes of hydrogen – deuterium and tritium) to join to make one larger nucleus (helium) and a neutron. Nuclear fusion is the process that fuels the sun. That means that you can generate massive amounts of energy from very little: one pellet of nuclear fuel, the size of a rubber at the end of a pencil, produces roughly the same amount of electricity as 1,000 kg of coal.
The rest of the mass is entirely converted into energy. Nuclear fission is a process in which a very heavy atom, such as uranium, breaks up into two smaller atoms that have a total mass that is smaller than the original uranium atom. So according to Einstein’s equation E=mc² (where E stands for energy, m for mass, c for the speed of light), energy can be converted into mass and mass into energy.
Nuclear time machine Patch#
The overall effect is a time difference of 38 microseconds, so even though the satellite may think it’s looking at the same patch of Earth if it takes images every 24 hours (to match Earth’s rotation on its axis) it would, in fact, be 10 km off! To overcome this satellites have to be programmed with clocks that run slower than normal clocks, so whilst up in space they run at the same rate as clocks on Earth. Special relativity also plays a role because satellites are moving so fast (when observed from Earth) they experience time dilation, making satellite clocks run slower by about 7 microseconds. Therefore if viewed from Earth it would seem as though a clock onboard a satellite ticks faster than a clock on the ground, by about 45 microseconds/day. The closer you are to a massive object, the slower time appears to pass. In his theory of general relativity, Einstein says that if an object has a large enough mass it can physically bend space and time. Has your Maps app ever saved you from getting hopelessly lost? Yep- us too! This technology works by allowing your phone to communicate with satellites that orbit 20,000 km above Earth and plot your current location. 6 examples of Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity in action
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